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Vaccine Ingredients
Squalene

Chemical Analysis

Squalene:C30H50, an Adjuvant

Too dangerous for human use, Squalene is not licensed for use in the United States. Oil adjuvants like squalene have been ordinarily used to inflict diseases in animals – for experimentation and study. According to anthrax vaccine expert Gary Matsumoto and other reliable sources, the ...more

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21. "Lessons from macrophagic myofasciitis: towards definition of a vaccine adjuvant-related syndrome."
"Multiple vaccinations performed over a short period of time in the Persian Gulf area have been recognized as the main risk factor for Gulf War syndrome. Moreover, the war vaccine against anthrax, which is administered in a 6-shot regimen and seems to be crucially involved, is adjuvanted by aluminium hydroxide and, possibly, squalene, another Th-2 adjuvant."
Gherardi, RK, Rev Neurol (Paris); 159(2): 162-4 -- 2/1/2003

22. "Antibodies to squalene in recipients of anthrax vaccine."
"Further analysis revealed that ASA were associated with specific lots of vaccine. These results suggest that the production of ASA in GWS patients is linked to the presence of squalene in certain lots of anthrax vaccine. "
Asa PB, et al, Exp Mol Pathol; 73(1): 19-27 -- 8/1/2002

23. "The arthritogenic adjuvant squalene does not accumulate in joints, but gives rise to pathogenic cells in both draining and non-draining lymph nodes."
"A single intradermal injection of the adjuvant-oil squalene induces T cell-mediated arthritis in DA rats. The chain of events leading from non-specific provocation of the immune system to arthritis, with clinical similarities to rheumatoid arthritis, is largely undetermined."
Holm, BC, et al, Clinical & Experimental Immunology; Volume 127 Page 430 Volume 127 Issue 3 -- 3/1/2002

24. "Immunization with the adjuvant MF59 induces macrophage trafficking and apoptosis."
"The mechanisms associated with the immunostimulatory activity of vaccine adjuvants are still poorly understood…. We propose that lymph node-resident dendritic cells can acquire antigen and MF59 (ssqualene) after intramuscular immunization by uptake of the apoptotic macrophages."
Dupuis M, et al, Eur J Imunol (10):2910-8 -- 10/31/2001

25. "If You Let the Idiots Talk They'll Tell You What You Want to Know"
"One of the early clinical indicators that something was biologically amiss with the Gulf War vets was the detection of squalene antibodies in the blood of many of those suffering from Gulf War syndrome. Squalene is a naturally occurring oily substance found in plants and animals, as well as a variety of foods, lotions and cosmetics. While it appears it is safe to eat products containing squalene, it is theorized that like many substances otherwise safe, it is unsafe to inject it. Squalene has been detected in low amounts in some vaccine lots, and has been used as an ingredient in some experimental vaccines, but was not approved for general usage. "
Heckenlively, Kent Esq., Age of Autism -- 11/24/2000

26. "Additive Found In Anthrax Vaccine"
"Trace amounts of the additive squalene have been found in the anthrax vaccine used to protect U.S. service members from the biological warfare agent, federal health officials have found. The finding contradicts repeated assertions by the Pentagon that squalene is not present in the vaccine."
Williams, T, The Hartford Courant -- 9/28/2000

27. "Vaccine link to Gulf War Syndrome"
"A fatty substance used in vaccines - and originally identified in sharks - may be the cause of Gulf War Syndrome (GWS), researchers have said. Blood tests on sick US veterans show that many produced high levels of antibodies against a substance called squalene. It affects 100,000 veterans of the war. He tested 400 veterans for antibodies to squalene and found that 95% of those who claimed to have GWS had high levels."
Staff, BBC News -- 4/7/1999

28. "Recruitment of pathogenic T cells to synovial tissues of rats injected intraarticularly with nonspecific agents."
"To study a role for T cells in nonspecifically induced arthritis, rats were injected intraarticularly into ankle joints with mineral oils including 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosane (squalene) and incomplete Freund's adjuvant. The results showed that moderate joint inflammation had developed by Day 6."
Yoshino S, et al, Cell Immunol; 158(2): 305-13 -- 10/15/1994

29. "Effect of oil composition on both adjuvant-induced arthritis and delayed hypersensitivity to purified protein derivative and peptidoglycans in various rat strains."
"Squalane (squalane-type adjuvant) produced severe arthritis with almost 100% incidence."
Kohashi, O., et al, Infect Immun. 17(2): 244-249 -- 8/1/1977

30. "Pilot evaluation of influenza virus vaccine (IVV) combined with adjuvant."
"The safety of licensed influenza virus vaccine (IVV) combined with a novel (adjuvant MF59 – squalene-- adjuvant emulsion). Ten healthy 23-30-year-old men were given a single intramuscular dose of IVV. All volunteers immunized with IVV/MF59-100 experienced moderate to severe local and systemic reactions which interfered with usual activities."
Keitel W, et al, Vaccine; 11(9): 909-13, 1993 -- 1/1/1900

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